Medical degree at the American University of Beirut, in Beirut, Lebanon in 1961; internship at the American University of Beirut; training at London School of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, London Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Westminster Hospital and Gordon Hospital in London, Royal Postgraduate Medicine School; internal medicine residency in 1969; hematology and oncology fellowship in 1971 at the University of Kansas; special fellowship training in bone marrow transplantation at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington.