Medical School, University of Para State (former Faculdade Estadual de Medicina do Para), Brazil (1983‐1988) − Neurosurgical Training, Heliopolis Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil (1989‐1993) − Surgical Neurooncology Fellowship, Servidor Publico Estadual Hospital, Sao Paulo (Feb 1993‐Aug 1994) − Neurosurgical Observership (Skull Base Lab), Wayne State University, Detroit‐MI (1998)